general knee exam

general obs

acute obs

skin colour

swelling

posture

muscle bulk

deformity

active tests - expected results : 

flexion (prone)

extension ( side of bed )

medial rotation

lateral rotation  ( side of bed feet on ground )

passive tests 

resisted tests 

special tests

mcmurrays 

varus valgus

anterior draw sign

fairbanks test 

patella press test

functional test 

walking 

walking upstairs

turning when walking 

palpation 

 

mcmurrays test

distal hand on knee around meniscal area

proximal hand grasping ankle around plantar fascia

focus on medial meniscus - flex knee - external rotation valgus ( opposites) = then extend knee

focus on lateral meniscus - flex knee  - internal rotation varus - opposites = then extend knee

positive - pain popping clicking - indicate a tear  along meniscus 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Irg3Cb4JaE8&feature=related

Knee Anatomy - Superficial

These diagrams detail some of the important superfical landmarks of the the anterior knee. The vastus intermedius lies deep beneath the rectus femoris. Indeed of the hamstrings the biceps femoris is the most superficial - the semimembranosus and the semi tendinosis - lie deeper and attach to the medial epicondyle of the tibia - while the biceps femoris attaches to the lateral epicondyle.

Knee movements and the major motivating muscles behind them have been detailed in the active movement video.

Knee Anatomy - Skeletal & Muscular

This diagram details the key bony features of the knee.

The muscles which act on the Knee most commonly originate in the hip and pelvis. An Excel table detailing their exact position and action is of hip and knee muscles is available for download.

Knee Case Studies

The following case studies are available online as downloadable word files. Their presentation follows the same pattern as all of the musculoskeletal case studies in this portfolio.

Knee Case Study No.1 - Meniscal and Ligament damage

Knee Case Study No.2 - Hip replacement